What factors led American planters in Hawaii to overthrow the Queen and make a bid for annexati?

Probably the biggest factor was that Hawaii was independent, and therefore commodities from Hawaii entering the US market were subject to stiff tariffs. American planters realized that they could make more money and their products would be more competitive if Hawaii were part of the US, thereby making their products "domestic". The other factor is that the Hawaiian monarchy had a long relationship with the British monarchy (upon which the Hawaiian system was based), and the American businessmen had a distaste for royalty and its hierarchical / hereditary system of power.